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Rhe world is on the verge of a new economic era. For the past century, the Industrial Age has been defined by tools and skills targeted at control,

Efficiency, specialization, delegation, scalability, and replicability. Accounting makes people an expense, a piece of equipment, an investment, and people are

Motivated by the great jackass theory of the carrot and stick. But although this paradigm has led to a 50-fold increase in productivity over the previous farming

Mindset, it has also led to a control paradigm, an entrenchment of a "leadership by position" mentality, with organizational hallmarks of lack of clarity regarding high priorities, lack of commitment or emotional connection by the workforce, lack of line-of-sight translation to specific action, disenabling systems and processes, no synergy—interpersonally and interdepartmentally—and

A lack of accountability.

Studies show that the vast majority of employees possess far more talent, more intelligence, more capability, more creativity, and more ability than

Their jobs require or even allow. Their deep potential remains dormant, untapped, andunused. Today, the Industrial Age is ending, and the Information Age orKnowledge Worker Age is opening. This new, emerging age is defined by "leadership is a choice" with an empowerment or unleashing-potential mentality; choices guided by values in the light of unchanging principles. In the new paradigm, the greatest asset in any organization is its people — whole people—with their bodies, minds, hearts, and consciences all engaged and contributing, and all receiving benefit in the progress of the organization. A Trim tab Is a small rudder on a boat or airplane that, through its relatively

Small motion, allows the bigger rudder to achieve the greater effect and leverage. The leaders of the Information Age act as trim tabs within organizations.

Their relatively small actions at the bottom or middle can effect a much greater

Change throughout an entire organization.

Six Sigma has become a key enabling skill of the new Knowledge Workers of the next generation of trim tabs. One of the great values I admire of Six Sigma is the science, the database—and the careful analytic thought processes of problem solving using that data. Six Sigma empowers and enables you to effect remarkable change, no matter your position in your organization. The maturing world

Has transformed the previously exclusive, academic knowledge of Six Sigma

Into must-have best practices for everyone wishing to advance and contribute.

In a knowledge economy where 70 to 80 percent of the value added to goods

And services comes from knowledge work, can you imagine the results flowing

From having the entire workforce Six Sigma literate?

That’s why 5ix 5igma For Dummies Is a book to be read by everyone.

Stephen R. Covey

Author, The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People And The 8th Habit

Six Sigma is the single most effective problem-solving methodology for improving business and organizational performance. There’s not a business, technical, or process challenge that can’t be improved with Six Sigma. The world’s top corporations have used it to increase their profits collectively

By more than $100 billion over the past ten years. In certain corporations, Six Sigma proficiency on your resume is now a prerequisite to moving into a

Position in management.

If you’re part of a Fortune 500 company — particularly a manufacturing company — chances are, you’ve heard about Six Sigma. You may even have

Been through a training regimen and been part of a corporate initiative or an

Improvement project. If so, you know the capabilities of Six Sigma; you have

Witnessed its achievements firsthand.

But if, like many people, you’re outside of the upper echelons of big business, Six Sigma is virtually unknown. It has been too expensive and complicated for

Small – and medium-sized businesses, public institutions, not-for-profit organizations, educational environments, and even aspiring individuals. Its potential

Has remained out of reach for the vast majority of professionals and organizations world-wide.

All this is changing. As the methods and tools of Six Sigma have spread, it

Hasbecome easier to understand and more straightforward to implement.

The mysteries of Six Sigma have been revealed.

Simply stated, Six Sigma is about applying a structured, scientific method to

Improve any aspect of a business, organization, process, or person. It’s about engaging in disciplined data collection and analysis to determine the best possible ways of meeting your customer’s needs while satisfying yours, and minimizing wasted resources and maximizing profit in the process.

About This Book

This book makes Six Sigma accessible to you. We wrote it because Six Sigma is applicable everywhere; it’s applicable not only in large and complex corporations but also in the less complex and more intimate worlds of professional

Performance and personal accomplishment.

We wrote this book for you, the individual. You may be a small business owner, an ambitious career person, a manager who wants to know what Six Sigma is and how to apply it, a college student or applicant who wants to have an edge on upcoming job interviews. For you, there’s nowhere else but here to turn.

Six Sigma For Dummies Is more than an overview or survey of Six Sigma. It is a comprehensive, actionable description of the methods and tools of Six Sigma. In this book, you find:

Is A reference book that’s organized into parts, chapters, and sections, so

That you can flip right to what you need, when you need it

F A comprehensive text that addresses both the statistics of Six Sigma and

The improvement methodology

F A guide for leading a Six Sigma initiative, selecting and managing Six Sigma projects, and executing specific Six Sigma tools and analytical procedures

Step-by-step instructions for the Define-Measure-Analyze-Improve-Control

Phases of the Six Sigma process

Instructions on where you can go for additional help, because the field

Of Six Sigma is much too large to fit in only 400 pages Sure, Six Sigma is rigorous, technical, and analytical, but we’ve taken this

Difficult subject and made it understandable through examples, simple explanations, and visual aids.

Contentions Used in This Book

When a specialized word first appears in our book, we italicize it, and provide

A definition. Most terms are further defined in the appendix.

For terms and phrases that industry practitioners use as acronyms, we define the term first and then use it in its abbreviated form going forward.

When we use the term Data, We always mean it in the plural sense. While there is debate among statisticians about using Data In both a plural and singular

Sense, we stick with the plural only, because our editor told us we had to. Otherwise, Datum Is the singular form.

We do use some business management and statistical concepts and language.

If you want to get extra smart, check out Managing For Dummies, 2nd Edition, by Bob Nelson, Peter Economy, and Ken Blanchard, and Statistics For Dummies By Deborah Rumsey (both published by Wiley).

Foolish Assumptions

We assume you’ve heard about Six Sigma and are intrigued and compelled to find out more. This may be for any one or more of the following reasons:

F You are contemplating the application of Six Sigma in your business. and you need to understand what you may be getting yourself into.

F Your business is implementing Six Sigma and you need to get up to speed. Perhaps you’ve even been tapped to participate as a Champion, Black Belt, Green Belt, or Yellow Belt.

F You believe Six Sigma is a pathway to better performance in your job and

Can help you advance your career.

F You’re considering a career or job change, and your opportunities require you understand Six Sigma.

F You’re a student in industrial engineering or business school and realize that Six Sigma is part of a path to success.

We also assume that you realize Six Sigma demands a rigorous and structured

Approach to problem solving that calls for capturing data and applying statistical analysis to discover the true causes of the challenges you may be facing

In manufacturing, service, or even transactional environments. For that reason, several chapters of this book describe and define the statistical tools of Six Sigma.

Ho© This Book Is Organized

We break this book into four separate parts. Each is written as a standalone

Section, permitting you to move about the book and delve into a given topic

Without necessarily having to read all the proceeding material first. Anywhere

We expound upon or extend other material, we reference the chapter or part of origin, so you can tie it together.

We include a Cheat Sheet at the front of this book as a handy reference of key material. And in the appendix is an extensive glossary of terms.

Part H Six Sigma Basics

Part I is an overview of the Six Sigma methodology, the system of deployment, roles, and responsibilities. In this part, we address the key principles underlying the science of Six Sigma and its applications. Chapter 1 is a comprehensive

Overview of Six Sigma. Chapter 2 addresses the key principles. Chapter 3 discusses roles and phases in the implementation of a Six Sigma deployment.

Part 11: Understanding and Enacting the Breakthrough Strategy (DMAlC)

Part II is the meat of the book, where we get into the depths and details of

Practicing Six Sigma. In seven chapters, we describe Six Sigma thoroughly,

According to the DMAIC method. Chapter 4 covers the phase that defines and

Describes how Six Sigma projects are identified. Chapters 5, 6, and 7 cover the measurement phase. Chapter 8 is analysis; Chapter 9, improvement; and Chapter 10, control. If you fully absorb this part, you can successfully perform a Six Sigma project.

Part 111: The Six Sigma Tool and Technology Landscape

In this part, we present a comprehensive listing of the tools used by Six Sigma practitioners (see Chapter 11). We also present the tools of Six Sigma management in Chapter 12.

Part 1V: The Part of Tens

This summary section, in the For Dummies Tradition, is a compilation of key reference points. Chapter 13 discusses ten practices for success. Chapter 14 addresses ten pitfalls to avoid. In Chapter 15, we tell you about ten additional

Places you can go for help.

1cons Used in This Book

Throughout the book, you will see small symbols called Icons In the margins, and these highlight special types of information. We use these to help you

Better understand and apply the material. When you see any of the following icons, this is what they mean:

These are key points to remember that can help you implement successfully.

When you see this icon, we’re cautioning you to beware of a particular risk or pitfall that could cause you trouble.

This icon flags an example from industry of real events or stories about companies that have applied Six Sigma.

This icon flags a detailed technical issue or reference. Feel free to skip right over these, if you don’t want to dig deeper.

We use this icon to summarize information into short, memorable thoughts.

Where to Go from Here

The beauty of a For Dummies Book is that you don’t have to start at the beginning and slowly work your way through. Instead, each chapter is self -

Contained, which means you can start with whichever chapters interest you

The most. You can use Six Sigma For Dummies As a reference book, which

Means you can jump in and out of certain parts, chapters, and sections as you want.

Here are some suggestions on where to start:

F If you’re brand new to Six Sigma, start at the beginning, with Chapter 1.

V Want to know all about those "Belts" you’re hearing about? See Chapter 3.

If you’re interested in how to begin a Six Sigma project, go to Chapter 4. To find out all about tools and technologies, check out Chapter 11.

F Want to know all the gritty statistical measurement and analysis of Six Sigma? Jump in at Chapter 5.

If you want to understand all the lingo and terminology, see the appendix.