FOR
DUMMIES
By Mark Ryan
Other For Dummies math titles:
Algebra For Dummies 0-7645-5325-9 Algebra Workbook For Dummies 0-7645-8467-7 Calculus For Dummies 0-7645-2498-4 Geometry For Dummies 0-7645-5324-0 Statistics For Dummies 0-7645-5423-9 Statistics Workbook For Dummies 0-7645-8466-9 TI-89 Graphing Calculator For Dummies 0-7645-8912-1 (also available for TI-83 and TI-84 models) Trigonometry For Dummies 0-7645-6903-1 Trigonometry Workbook For Dummies 0-7645-8781-1
![]()
WILEY
Wiley Publishing, Inc.
Calculus Workbook For Dummies®
Published by
Wiley Publishing, Inc.
Ill River St.
Hoboken, NJ 07030-5774
Copyright © 2005 by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published by Wiley Publishing, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana Published simultaneously in Canada
No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning, or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, 978-750-8400, fax 978-646-8600. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Legal Department, Wiley Publishing, Inc., 10475 Crosspoint Blvd., Indianapolis, IN 46256, 317-572-3447, fax 317-572-4355, or on-line at Http:// www/wiley. com/go/permissions.
Trademarks: Wiley, the Wiley Publishing logo, For Dummies, the Dummies Man logo, A Reference for the Rest of Us!, The Dummies Way, Dummies Daily, The Fun and Easy Way, Dummies. com and related trade dress are trademarks or registered trademarks of John Wiley & Sons, Inc. and/or its affiliates in the United States and other countries, and may not be used
Without written permission. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Wiley Publishing, Inc., is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book.
LIMIT OF LIABILITY/DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: THE PUBLISHER AND THE AUTHOR MAKE NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES WITH RESPECT TO THE ACCURACY OR COMPLETENESS OF THE CONTENTS OF THIS WORK AND SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NO WARRANTY MAY BE CREATED OR EXTENDED BY SALES OR PROMOTIONAL MATERIALS. THE ADVICE AND STRATEGIES CONTAINED HEREIN MAY NOT BE SUITABLE FOR EVERY SITUATION. THIS WORK IS SOLD
WITH THE UNDERSTANDING THAT THE PUBLISHER IS NOT ENGAGED IN RENDERING LEGAL, ACCOUNTING, OR
OTHER PROFESSIONAL SERVICES. IF PROFESSIONAL ASSISTANCE IS REQUIRED, THE SERVICES OF A COMPETENT
PROFESSIONAL PERSON SHOULD BE SOUGHT. NEITHER THE PUBLISHER NOR THE AUTHOR SHALL BE LIABLE FOR
DAMAGES ARISING HEREFROM. THE FACT THAT AN ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE IS REFERRED TO IN THIS WORK AS A CITATION AND/OR A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF FURTHER INFORMATION DOES NOT MEAN THAT THE AUTHOR OR
THE PUBLISHER ENDORSES THE INFORMATION THE ORGANIZATION OR WEBSITE MAY PROVIDE OR RECOMMENDATIONS IT MAY MAKE. FURTHER, READERS SHOULD BE AWARE THAT INTERNET WEBSITES LISTED IN THIS WORK MAY HAVE CHANGED OR DISAPPEARED BETWEEN WHEN THIS WORK WAS WRITTEN AND WHEN IT IS READ.
For general information on our other products and services, please contact our Customer Care Department within the U. S.
At 800-762-2974, outside the U. S. at 317-572-3993, or fax 317-572-4002. For technical support, please visit Www. wiley. com/techsupport.
Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books.
Library of Congress Control Number is available from the publisher.
ISBN-13: 978-0-7645-8782-5 ISBN-10: 0-7645-8782-X
Manufactured in the United States of America 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
1B/RV/QY/QV/IN
WILEY
About the Author
A graduate of Brown University and the University of Wisconsin Law School, Mark Ryan Has been teaching math since 1989. He runs the Math Center in Winnetka, Illinois (Www. the mathcenter. com), where he teaches high school math courses including an introduction to calculus and a workshop for parents based on a program he developed, The 10 Habits of Highly Successful Math Students. In high school, he twice scored a perfect 800 on the math portion of the SAT, and he not only knows mathematics, he has a gift for explaining it in plain English. He practiced law for four years before deciding he should do something he enjoys and use his natural talent for mathematics. Ryan is a member of the Authors Guild and the
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics.
Calculus Workbook For Dummies Is Ryan’s third book. Everyday Math for Everyday Life Was published in 2002 and Calculus For Dummies (Wiley) in 2003.
A tournament backgammon player and a skier and tennis player, Ryan lives in Chicago.
Author’s Acknowledgments
My agent Sheree Bykofsky of Sheree Bykofsky Associates, Inc., has represented me now on three successful books. Her ability to make connections in the publishing world and to close deals — and to see the forest when I might be looking at the trees — has made her invaluable.
Many thanks to my bright, professional, and computer-savvy assistants, Benjamin Mumford,
Randy Claussen, and Caroline DeVane. And a special thanks to the multi-talented Amanda
Wasielewski who did everything from typing the book’s technical equations to creating
Diagrams to keeping the project organized to checking the calculus content.
Gene Schwartz, President of Consortium House, publishing consultants, and an expert in
All aspects of publishing, gave me valuable advice for my contract negotiations. My friend,
Beverly Wright, psychoacoustician and writer extraordinaire, was also a big help with the contract negotiations. She gave me astute and much needed advice and was generous
With her time. I’m grateful to my consultant, Josh Lowitz, Adjunct Associate Professor of Entrepreneurship at the University of Chicago School of Business. He advised me on every phase of the book’s production. His insights into my writing career and other aspects of my business, and his accessibility, might make you think I was his only client instead of one of a couple dozen.
This book is a testament to the high standards of everyone at Wiley Publishing. Special thanks to Joyce Pepple, Acquisitions Director, who handled our contract negotiations with intelligence, honesty, and fairness, and to Acquisitions Editor Kathy Cox, who deftly combined praise with a touch of gentle prodding to keep me on schedule. Technical Editor Dale Johnson did an excellent and thorough job spotting and correcting the errors that appeared in the book’s first draft — some of which would be very hard or impossible to find without an expert’s knowledge of calculus. The layout and graphics team did a fantastic job with the book’s thousands of complex equations and mathematical figures.
Finally, the book would not be what it is without the contributions of Project Editor Laura Peterson-Nussbaum. She’s an intelligent and skilled editor with a great sense of language and balance. And she has the ability to tactfully suggest creative changes — most of which I adopted — without interfering with my idiosyncratic style. It was a pleasure to work with her.
Publisher’s Acknowledgments
We’re proud of this book; please send us your comments through our Dummies online registration form located at
Some of the people who helped bring this book to market include the following:
Acquisitions, Editorial, and Media Development Project Editors: Laura Peterson-Nussbaum Acquisitions Editor: Kathy Cox Editorial Program Assistant: Courtney Allen Technical Editor: Dale Johnson Senior Permissions Editor: Carmen Krikorian Editorial Manager: Michelle Hacker Editorial Supervisor: Carmen Krikorian Editorial Assistants: Hanna Scott, Melissa Bennett Cartoons: Rich Tennant (Www. the5thwave. com)
Composition Services
Project Coordinator: Adrienne Martinez
Layout and Graphics: Jonelle Burns, Andrea Dahl, Kelly Emkow, Carrie A. Foster, Denny Hager
Proofreaders: Laura Albert, Jessica Kramer, Joe Niesen, Christine Pingleton
Indexer: Richard T. Evans
Publishing and Editorial for Consumer Dummies
Diane Graves Steele, Vice President and Publisher, Consumer Dummies
Joyce Pepple, Acquisitions Director, Consumer Dummies
Kristin A. Cocks, Product Development Director, Consumer Dummies
Michael Spring, Vice President and Publisher, Travel
Kelly Regan, Editorial Director, Travel
Publishing for Technology Dummies
Andy Cummings, Vice President and Publisher, Dummies Technology/General User
Composition Services
Gerry Fahey, Vice President of Production Services Debbie Stailey, Director of Composition Services